Paired VNS, a treatment for stroke survivors, aims to improve hand and arm function by stimulating the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve, the longest nerve in the body, is responsible for sending messages between the brain and various parts of the body. By applying mild electrical stimulation to this nerve, it is believed to activate certain parts of the brain that are essential for motor learning. VNS implantation procedures have been used for over 25 years to treat conditions related to nerves such as epilepsy, and is considered safe.

Stroke survivors often experience impairment in their hands and arms, known as a recovery plateau, which occurs 3 to 6 months after the stroke. This plateau is caused by problems in the brain or nerves, rather than muscle weakness. Research suggests that in order to overcome this plateau, neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to create new neural pathways, is required.

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