Barriers and Facilitators in the Implementation of the Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral, and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health Digital Intervention in Rural India: Mixed Methods Process Evaluation Study

Barriers and Facilitators in the Implementation of the Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral, and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health Digital Intervention in Rural India: Mixed Methods Process Evaluation Study

An estimated 150 million people have mental health care needs in India, but only 15% are able to access care. Depression and anxiety contribute to a large proportion of mental morbidity. The Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral, and Treatment (SMART) Mental Health trial used a mobile-based clinical decision support system for primary care doctors and community health workers (CHWs) to identify and treat people at risk of depression, anxiety disorders, and self-harm.

Medigy Insights

A digital mental health program in rural India achieved high adoption by combining mobile decision-support tools with community-based stigma reduction efforts. Success depended less on the technology itself and more on trusted community health workers, ongoing training, and local engagement that encouraged people to seek care.



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