Scoping Review of User-Level Barriers to Telemedicine Adoption in Healthcare

This scoping review aims to identify user-level barriers to the adoption of telemedicine within healthcare systems, with a main focus on healthcare delivery in primary care settings. While the review was conceptually anchored in primary care, studies examining telemedicine adoption across broader healthcare settings were also included where they offered transferable user-level insights relevant to primary care. This approach allowed the identification of cross-cutting barriers that span different service delivery contexts. Although the initial motivation for conducting this review stemmed from challenges observed in New Zealand’s healthcare system, all included empirical studies were carried out in other countries. The geographical diversity and variability of healthcare models represented within the international evidence base enhance the transferability of the findings, ensuring their relevance for a range of comparable health systems.