Pro- and Antifluoride Use Messages on YouTube in Japan

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions globally. In Japan, fluoride application—mainly via toothpaste, mouth rinses, and professional treatments—is a key preventive measure, as community water fluoridation is not implemented. Despite its proven effectiveness, fluoride use faces opposition from certain groups citing potential health risks. Social media platforms, especially YouTube, have become major sources of health information, but also facilitate the spread of misinformation, which may influence public perceptions and behaviors toward fluoride use.